Misuse of Village Treasury Land Revenue by Village Officials: A Juridical Analysis of Its Qualification as a Corruption Crime in the Perspective of Criminal Law and Village Asset Governance

Abstract

This study examines the juridical qualification of the misuse of village treasury land revenue by village officials within the framework of Indonesian criminal law and the governance of village assets. The research is motivated by empirical evidence from two villages—Plampaan and Madupat in Camplong District, Sampang Regency—where no recorded revenue from village treasury land was reported between 2016 and 2019. This prolonged absence of income raises serious concerns over possible administrative negligence, deliberate mismanagement, or intentional misappropriation of state assets at the village level. Such circumstances necessitate a critical legal evaluation to determine whether these acts constitute corruption under prevailing laws. Adopting a normative juridical research method, supported by conceptual and case-based approaches, the study analyzes relevant statutory provisions, doctrinal interpretations, and practical enforcement challenges. The juridical assessment focuses on the legal elements of corruption, particularly the abuse of authority, unlawful enrichment of individuals or groups, and the resulting financial loss to the state. The findings indicate that the unauthorized use or appropriation of village land revenue by officials fulfills the substantive criteria for corruption crimes, especially when the conduct is intended to benefit the perpetrators personally or certain groups without contributing to public welfare. Beyond the legal classification, the study underscores the broader implications for governance and public accountability in rural administration. Weak oversight mechanisms, limited transparency in asset management, and gaps in regulatory enforcement contribute to systemic vulnerabilities that facilitate the recurrence of such misconduct. The research calls for stronger institutional supervision, comprehensive transparency measures, and regulatory reforms aimed at enhancing accountability and deterring corruption at the village level. By linking legal analysis with governance considerations, this study offers practical insights for policymakers, law enforcement agencies, and community stakeholders seeking to strengthen integrity, prevent asset misappropriation, and safeguard public resources in rural Indonesia.