Zakat and Social Harmony: A Conceptual Review of the Role of Zakat in Realizing Justice and Solidarity in Islamic Society

Abstract

Specifically, zakat, as one of the pillars of Islam, holds a central position as a wealth redistribution mechanism designed to reduce poverty and strengthen social solidarity. Empirical literature in various Muslim countries, including studies examining productive zakat practices, zakat institution management, and zakat integration into social protection systems, demonstrates the potential of zakat to reduce inequality, improve the welfare of those entitled to receive zakat, and mitigate the risk of social conflict if managed effectively and accountably. This study aims to conceptually analyze the role of zakat in realizing social justice and solidarity in Islamic societies. The phenomenon of social and economic disparities that occurs in the modern era demands the presence of religious instruments capable of creating social balance. In this context, zakat functions not only as an obligatory act of worship but also as a socio-economic mechanism that distributes wealth fairly. This study uses a qualitative approach with library research methods, through analysis of relevant academic literature, scientific journals, and books published in the last five years. The results of the study indicate that zakat plays an important role in reducing social disparities, strengthening solidarity and empathy between believers, and building social harmony based on the values of justice and togetherness. Furthermore, the digitalization of zakat management and transparency of zakat institutions are crucial factors in maintaining public trust and effective distribution. In conclusion, zakat is a key pillar in building social harmony, as it balances spiritual and social dimensions.